Article 23

No one may be arrested, detained, prosecuted or convicted outside the cases and forms provided by law. Arbitrary or secret detention and enforced disappearance are crimes of the greatest gravity. They expose their perpetrators to the severest penalties. Every detained person must be informed immediately, and in a manner comprehensible to him or her, of the grounds for detention and of his or her rights, including the right to remain silent. He or she must benefit, as early as possible, from legal assistance and the possibility of communication with his or her relatives, in accordance with the law. The presumption of innocence and the right to a fair trial are guaranteed. Every detained person shall enjoy fundamental rights and humane conditions of detention. He or she may benefit from training and reintegration programmes. All incitement to racism, hatred and violence is prohibited. Genocide and all other crimes against humanity, war crimes and all grave and systematic violations of human rights shall be punished by law.